Researchers create new 3D printed cable-driven mechanisms that could revolutionize robotics by reducing weight and increasing efficiency.
The MIT and Zhejiang University research team unveiled a breakthrough in 3D printed cable-driven mechanisms Friday, potentially transforming how robotic systems are designed and manufactured.
The invention tackles one of the most elementary problems in robotics: decreasing weight while maintaining the capability of the robot. Usually, heavier robotic systems lead to the use of more rigid frames and stronger actuators. This, in turn, creates a cycle of increased cost and complexity.
The scientists invented the basic constituents of motion which enable the construction of more developed systems that include: bending components, coil components, screw-like components, and compressive components. These primitive parts can function simultaneously or in succession to form more advanced structures.
In order to showcase the technology’s scope, the team crafted three working prototypes: a gripping tentacle, a claw of a bird, and a lizard-walking robot. Using the same basic building blocks makes other more advanced structures achievable.
Perhaps the most significant innovation is the cable itself, which is entirely 3D printed rather than manually assembled. The printed cables can incorporate specialized features like one-way ratcheting mechanisms or textured surfaces for haptic feedback.
Creating print-in-place cables required extensive experimentation to overcome technical challenges. The team tested various materials and printer settings to prevent issues such as layer delamination, unwanted adhesion between components, and cables becoming stuck in joints.
After multiple iterations, the researchers determined that nylon filament provides the optimal balance between strength and flexibility while maintaining minimal adhesion to the PLA structures that form the mechanisms’ framework.
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The technology could lead to lighter, more efficient robots for applications ranging from industrial automation to medical devices, though the team has not yet announced plans for commercial implementation.
